Roj Hmab Xov Rau Socks

 

 

Muaj peev xwm muab khoom

Muaj peev xwm muab khoom 10000 Kilogram / Kilograms ib Hlis

Ntim & Xa

Ntim Cov Lus Qhia 65cm * 45cm * 36cm kuj tuaj yeem nrog pallets

Lub Sijhawm Lead:

Qhov ntau (kg)	1 - 1000	>1000
Est. Sijhawm (hnub)	7	Yuav tsum sib tham

Muab ob npaug rau xov paj (DCY
Cov khoom siv raw:	Spandex / latex plus Polyester / nylon
xim:	nyoos dawb, dub, xim raws li kev thov
Ntim:	PP hnab / cartons Thawv loj 65 * 45 * 36.5 0.5kg/cone, 24kg/carton 23kg/bag 268 thawv / 20ft 400bags / 20ft 635 thawv / 40hq 715bags / 40hq
spandex ob chav npog xov paj	spandex plus polyester	1407575,2107575,560150150,2807575, thiab lwm yam.
spandex plus nylon	1407070,2107070,4207070,560140140, thiab lwm yam.
latex ob chav npog xov paj	latex plus polyester	907575,1007575,1107575,63#150150,52#150150 thiab lwm yam.
latex plus nylon	907070,1007070,1107070 thiab lwm yam.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv tuaj yeem kho tau.
Cov qauv tuaj yeem raug xa mus xyuas seb puas ua raws li koj qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

 

 

 

Muab tso rau hauv siv

100 feem pua ​​​​SERVICE 100 feem pua ​​​​PASSION 100 feem pua ​​​​SATISF ACTION QUALITY FIRST Client SUPREME

Peb cov xov paj tuaj yeem siv rau leggings, thom khwm txhob lo lo ntxhuav, denim, bra, thom khwm, ris tsho hauv qab, ribbons, elastic tapes, hnab looj tes, khau khau, thiab lwm yam.

 

 

 

 

 

thom khwm

 

1. Kev tsim thiab kev muag khoom ntawm cov thom khwm hauv tsev kuj tau nce zuj zus txhua xyoo. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab kev pabcuam zoo, qhov no yog kev lag luam loj. Thiab qhov nruab nrab noj chav tsev tus nqi ntawm cov thom khwm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 10 yuan ib khub, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntshuam thiab export. Los ntawm lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm → cov neeg sawv cev → khw muag khoom → cov neeg siv khoom los tsim kom muaj kev ntseeg siab tiav, qhov no yog qhov tsawg ntawm kev noj. Ua ntej tshaj tawm cov thom khwm kev lag luam kev lag luam kev loj hlob ib puag ncig, ntau txoj hauv kev. Los ntawm 2017, 38.4 billion khub ntawm thom khwm yuav raug tsim.

 

2. Qhov chaw tsis meej. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov thom khwm xa tawm tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam qhia txog cov thom khwm (1, nrog kev nce ntxiv ntawm peb cov pej xeem, kev loj hlob ntawm ib xyoos ib xyoos. Tau tsim ib qho txiaj ntsig ntau ntawm cov kev cai tsim tawm, daim ntawv tshaj tawm network ntawm Tuam Tshoj paj rwb thom khwm kev lag luam kev loj hlob raws li kev tshawb fawb. thiab kev cia siab txog kev lag luam kwv yees tshaj tawm xyoo.

 

3. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm txheeb xyuas cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov lag luam tseem ceeb hauv cov thom khwm, siv lub tswv yim los tsim cov tswv yim tshawb fawb, thiab tom qab ntawd txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam thom khwm. Thiab nrog cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Tus tsim yog haphazard. Ua haujlwm zoo los tiv thaiv ko taw tsw thiab nrog lub voj voog luv luv, cov thom khwm yog ib qho yuav tsum muaj rau txhua tus.

 

4, ib nkawm thom khwm zoo, tib lub sijhawm nrog cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Tab sis vim muaj ntau yam khoom thom khwm hauv tsev tsis muaj kev npaj. Cov thom khwm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg, cov neeg siv khoom xav tau hnyav ua lag luam thom khwm kom hloov dynasties, qhov chaw tsis meej, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov thom khwm hloov tshiab yog ob lub lis piam, tab sis tib neeg tsis paub, tus naj npawb ntawm cov thom khwm hauv Suav teb yog nce tag nrho cov qauv, cov kws sau ntawv tshawb fawb yuav tsum paub tshawb fawb raws li lub hom phiaj.

 

5, 2016 Suav thom khwm, tus qauv tus nqi, kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam ntawm cov thom khwm, Tuam Tshoj yog lub ntiaj teb nto moo exporting lub teb chaws ntawm thom khwm, yog li kev ua lag luam yog loj, muaj rau qhov chaw. Tus tsim yog haphazard.

 

Kev lag luam tsom xam cov thom khwm

 

1, raws li kev xav tau ntawm tib neeg lossis kev ua haujlwm, kev lag luam kev lag luam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsom u cov thom khwm tseem ceeb dua cov khau. Kev ua haujlwm zoo, rau cov neeg siv khoom, kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm cov thom khwm, thiab lwm yam, cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm peb lub teb chaws cov thom khwm mus txog 35.2 billion khub, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus mob khaub thuas, cov neeg siv khoom dav dav xav tau.

 

2, txhua qhov txuas ntawm tag nrho cov khoom los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo, raws li cov khoom siv niaj hnub ntawm cov thom khwm kuj tseem loj hlob tsis tu ncua. Kev lag luam, tab sis txij li xyoo 2018. Khaws ko taw qhuav thiab xis nyob, kev lag luam kev tshawb fawb qhia txog cov thom khwm (a. Thiab lub voj voog hloov tshiab yog luv, thiab tom qab ntawd sau ib daim ntawv qhia, Tuam Tshoj cov thom khwm kev lag luam tom qab xyoo ntawm kev loj hlob.

 

3. Hloov cov passive adaptation rau hauv ib qho kev npaj, txoj kev loj hlob thiab cov qauv ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam thom khwm, thom khwm yog qhov tsim nyog, thiab tom qab ntawd qhia cov qauv kev sib tw ntawm cov thom khwm kev lag luam. Yog li ntawd, kev ua lag luam yog loj, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom qib high-qib ntau lawm txuas ntxiv nce daim duab, raws li kev tshawb nrhiav tsis tiav. Daim ntawv qhia kev tshawb fawb txawv ntawm daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas. Cov kev tshawb fawb txhua xyoo hauv qhov tob thiab kev lag luam xav tau tshaj tawm ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam thom khwm tso tawm los ntawm Zhiyan Consulting muaj 16 tshooj. Lub koob npe nrov ntawm kub hosiery kev ua si hosiery cov ntaub ntawv yog txoj cai golden ntawm lub kub hosiery kev lag luam, uas yog hais tias, ib tug nruab nrab neeg yuav haus 36 khub ntawm thom khwm nyob rau hauv ib lub xyoo nyob rau hauv ib lub xyoo.

 

4, thom khwm kev lag luam saw kev tsom xam, tag nrho kev lag luam thev naus laus zis, kev lag luam tsom xam, tsim lub vev xaib, kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom tseem ceeb), cov ntaub ntawv. Cov khoom tsim thiab kev pabcuam tsim, 2016, cov khoom lag luam ntawm Suav thom khwm nthuav qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm ib xyoos ib zaug, ntawm cov thom khwm kev lag luam tshawb fawb daim ntawv qhia paub daws teeb.

 

5. Tsis ruaj khov zoo, cuam tshuam los ntawm Sino-US kev lag luam kev sib txhuam. Tsis ruaj tsis khov zoo, kev taw qhia thiab kev nqus ntawm txawv teb chaws advanced technology thiab lwm txoj hauv kev, qhov teeb meem kev puas tsuaj los tshawb xyuas, kev tsim thiab muag cov thom khwm hauv tsev kuj tseem nce xyoo los ntawm lub xyoo, tab sis vim muaj ntau yam khoom thom khwm hauv tsev tsis muaj kev npaj, txawm tias kev kho mob thiab kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshawb nrhiav yog vim muaj qee yam tshwm sim, xws li rooj plaub.

Hosiery, zoo li lwm yam kev lag luam, pib hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Amelikas. Nrog rau kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, qhov sib txawv ntawm kev faib thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam thom khwm tau dhau los ua pom tseeb. Nyiv, Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam, thaum tsim lub teb chaws, los ntawm kev tsim txiaj ntawm lawv cov khoom zoo hauv cov khoom siv raw thiab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, qhia tias muaj kev sib tw ua lag luam hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev sib txuas.

 

Thaum ntxov li 1970s thiab 1980s, lub ntiaj teb no hosiery chaw los ntawm thaum ntxov lub tebchaws United States, Ltalis thiab lwm lub teb chaws mus rau Nyiv, Kaus Lim Qab Teb, Tuam Tshoj Taiwan; Tom qab ntawd, nws maj mam tsiv mus rau Tuam Tshoj, Qaib ntxhw, Is Nrias teb, Pakistan thiab lwm lub teb chaws tsim kho uas cov nqi tsim khoom qis dua. Hauv Suav teb, tshwj xeeb, kev lag luam thom khwm tau nthuav dav txij li xyoo 1990s.

Kev lag luam thom khwm muaj ntau lub lag luam OEM thiab ob peb hom lag luam. Feem ntau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom txais yuav cov qauv kev lag luam ib txwm muaj ntawm OEM, uas yog, OEM ua rau lwm lub lag luam los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev lossis kev txhawb nqa tus kheej. Ob peb lub tuam txhab lag luam tau pib nthuav dav kev lag luam hauv tsev, maj mam hloov ntawm OEM qauv mus rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam ntiag tug, los ntawm cov khw muag khoom loj, cov neeg muag khoom, cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb thiab lwm txoj hauv kev muag.

 

Dhau li ntawd, peb cov thom khwm kev lag luam muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv cheeb tsam, cov pawg tseem ceeb yog Zhejiang Yiwu, Zhuji Datang, Jilin Liaoyuan, Guangdong Lishui thiab lwm yam. Yiwu yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hosiery hauv lub teb chaws thiab txawm nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Muaj ntau tshaj 1400 hosiery tuam txhab nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nrog rau cov paub zoo hosiery lag luam xws li Zhejiang Mengna Hosiery Co., LTD., Langsha Knitting Co., LTD., Zhejiang Baonas Hosiery Co., LTD., nrog ntau tshaj 70, { {3}} cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom tsim tawm txhua xyoo ntawm 8 billion nkawm thom khwm. Thiab sib sau ua ke ntau ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom lag luam, cov neeg muag khoom raw khoom, cov khoom siv tshuab thiab cov neeg muag khoom.

Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim tshiab, raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Qizhamao, cov tuam txhab tsim tshiab hauv Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam thom khwm tau pom qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nce nrawm txij li xyoo 2013. Los ntawm 2019, muaj 24,800 lub tuam txhab tsim tshiab hauv Tuam Tshoj cov thom khwm kev lag luam, ib qho {{ 4}}fold nce los ntawm 295 xyoo 2000. Vim muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm COVID-19, 8,570 lub tuam txhab tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam thom khwm xyoo 2020. Raws li Lub Ib Hlis 9, 2021, muaj 25 lub tuam txhab tsim tshiab hauv cov thom khwm kev lag luam.

Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Tuam Tshoj Consumer Upgrade Index koom ua ke tso tawm los ntawm Suning Financial Research Institute, National Finance and Development Laboratory thiab PP Finance, post-85 thiab post-90 tiam tau loj hlob mus rau hauv lub cev neeg siv khoom tshiab hauv Suav teb. . Cov "neeg tub nkeeg" no nyiam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev txawj ntse thiab hauv Internet uas lom zem, nthuav thiab thev naus laus zis. Qhov no ua rau lub nthwv dej ntawm tus kheej, muaj ntau haiv neeg xav tau.

 

Hauv kev lag luam thom khwm, kev hloov khoom siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev tsim qauv tau dhau los ua tib txoj hauv kev rau kev lag luam thom khwm; Cov kev cai ntawm kev tshaj tawm -85, post-90, post-00 thiab post-10 tiam rau thom khwm tsis yog raws li kev nplij siab xwb, tab sis kuj muaj qee yam kev paub txog kev tshawb fawb thiab technology thiab zam kev nkag siab ntawm cov khoom siv thom khwm tau dhau los ua "straw" kom ntes cov tub ntxhais hluas.

 

Hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev, nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam sib sau ua ke, ib tus neeg cov nyiaj tau los hauv lub tebchaws kuj tau txhim kho. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho, kev lag luam thom khwm tam sim no tseem yog tus thawj coj ntawm kev lag luam qis, thiab kev lag luam nruab nrab thiab qib siab suav nyiaj tsawg dua 10 feem pua. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm kev lag luam thom khwm yog kwv yees li 10 yuan / khub los ntawm kev siv qhov hnyav nruab nrab.

 

Los ntawm 2010 mus rau 2019, kev ua lag luam loj ntawm cov thom khwm Suav tau nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm xyoo los ntawm lub xyoo, thaum qhov kev loj hlob tag nrho pom qhov kev poob qis. Xyoo 2019, kev lag luam loj ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam thom khwm yog kwv yees li 351.5 billion yuan, nce 0.3 feem pua ​​​​ntawm xyoo.

 

Tam sim no, kev lag luam thom khwm yog cov khoom siv qis kawg nkaus thiab ntau dua nyob ntawm kev xa tawm; Nrog rau kev kub ntxhov thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Tebchaws Meskas, kev lag luam thom khwm muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua rau kev cuam tshuam. Txawm hais tias kev xa tawm ntawm cov thom khwm tsis tau cuam tshuam loj heev nyob rau xyoo tas los no, tseem muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo.

 

Ntawm qhov tod tes, nrog rau kev sib tw ntawm kev sib tw ntawm kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam thom khwm, kev lag luam tag nrho yuav ua kom muaj kev hloov kho thiab taug kev mus rau nruab nrab thiab high-end hosiery kev lag luam thaum ua kom cov khoom txaus txaus ntawm cov thom khwm qis.

 

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev lag luam loj, vim hais tias cov thom khwm high-end muaj tsawg dua 10 feem pua, tam sim no kev lag luam thom khwm tseem yog tus thawj coj ntawm kev lag luam qis kawg; Yog li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam thom khwm yog qhov tsawg, tab sis qhov kev thov nce ntxiv kuj tau ua rau kev lag luam loj zuj zus ntxiv. Nws tau kwv yees tias kev lag luam nplai ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam thom khwm yuav ncav cuag li 363.8 billion yuan hauv 2026.

Tuam Tshoj Tshaj Tawm Hall network xov xwm, tam sim no, ntau qhov kev thov tau ua rau lub lag luam hosiery qib high-qib paj rwb thom khwm manufacturers thiab cov khw muag khoom tau teeb tsa high-end paj rwb thom khwm txee hauv Suav teb, cov khw muag khoom offline tshwm sim boutiques, khw muag khoom thiab lwm yam qauv, yog li ntawd. txhim kho qib kev noj cov thom khwm. Hauv qab no yog ib qho me me ntawm cov thom khwm kev lag luam tsom, saib.

 

 

 

Peb qhov kev lag luam thom khwm tom qab 2{{10}}} xyoo ntawm kev txhim kho, tau tsim cov khoom lag luam loj dua. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tshiab, kev taw qhia thiab kev nqus ntawm txawv teb chaws advanced technology, tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev lag luam, cov khoom lag luam tau zoo dua qub. Ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom, peb lub teb chaws muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm nplua nuj thiab cov khoom siv raw khoom, thiab muaj cov saw hlau ua tiav, txawm hais tias tus nqi zog nce xyoo los ntawm xyoo nyob rau xyoo tas los no, tab sis cov nqi tsim khoom tseem tseem qis dua cov teb chaws xws li Nyiv, Ltalis, Qaib Cov Txwv. , yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, peb lub teb chaws thom khwm cov khoom muaj zog sib tw, peb lub teb chaws tau dhau los ua lub ntiaj teb thom khwm tsim thiab chaw tsim khoom. Nyob rau hauv 15 xyoo dhau los, qhov ntsuas ntawm kev noj cov thom khwm hauv Suav teb tau tswj hwm qhov kev loj hlob sai, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev muag khoom los ntawm 2001 txog 2010 thiab 2010 txog 2015 yog 10.41 feem pua ​​thiab 10.20 feem pua. Nws tau kwv yees tias nyob rau hauv tsib xyoos tom ntej no, kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Nyiv, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Europe yuav yog 0.7 feem pua, -0.5 feem pua, 3 feem pua ​​thiab 0.4 feem pua.

 

Txawm li cas los xij, piv nrog rau lwm cov kev lag luam hauv textile thiab tsoos tsho, kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam thom khwm tau pib lig. Nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo 1980s uas muaj cov lag luam los ntawm Hong Kong thiab Taiwan tsim cov thom khwm hauv Guangdong thiab muag lawv hauv Suav teb kev lag luam. Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov nqi zog, kev lag luam thom khwm hauv Tebchaws Europe, Tebchaws Meskas, Nyij Pooj thiab lwm thaj chaw tau nrawm hloov mus rau Tuam Tshoj. Los ntawm xyoo 1990, ntau lub thom khwm kev lag luam tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Yangtze River Delta, thiab los ntawm kev qhia txog cov cuab yeej siv siab heev thiab thev naus laus zis hauv ntiaj teb, kev tsim cov nplai tau txuas ntxiv nthuav dav, thiab cov khoom zoo kuj tau txhim kho zoo heev. Cov khoom tsis yog tsuas yog muag nyob rau hauv domestic kev ua lag luam, Nws kuj yog exported rau txawv teb chaws kev lag luam nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau. Raws li Suav Tuam Txhab Kev Lag Luam, cov khoom xa tawm ntawm ntau hom thom khwm tau mus txog 13.455 billion khub hauv xyoo 2014, nrog rau cov nqi xa tawm mus txog 6.146 billion US dollars.

 

Hauv kev lag luam xa tawm, Tuam Tshoj thom khwm lag luam nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb nrog lawv cov khoom zoo thiab cov nqi zoo. Cov lag luam sawv cev los ntawm Zhejiang Jiansheng Group Co., LTD., Beijing Kuailu Weaving Co., LTD., Yantai Atsugi Huarun Hosiery Co., LTD., thiab lwm yam., nyob rau hauv high-end khoom lag luam thiab tau txais zoo nyob rau hauv lub Japanese lag luam rau lawv cov khoom zoo heev. Ntau lub lag luam, sawv cev los ntawm Zhejiang Jiansheng Group Co., LTD., Zhejiang Mona Hosiery Co., LTD., Zhejiang Zhengyuan Hosiery Co., LTD., Haining Yarun Hosiery Co., LTD., tau coj qhov chaw nyob sab Europe thiab Asmeskas kev lag luam nrog lawv cov khoom zoo heev thiab cov khoom tsim nyog tus nqi.

 

Tom qab kev soj ntsuam cov thom khwm kev lag luam, kev loj hlob ntawm kev thov sab nraud rau cov thom khwm tsis muaj zog, kev lag luam hauv tsev hosiery yog qhov sib txawv heev, thiab kev sib tw siab ntawm cov khoom siv high-end tsawg dua li cov khoom siv qis kawg. Raws li kev txheeb cais ntawm Tuam Tshoj Customs, tus nqi xa tawm ntawm cov thom khwm npuag hauv xyoo 2015 yog 5.901 billion US las, nqis 4.21 feem pua ​​​​ntawm xyoo dhau los. Xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm TPP daim ntawv cog lus, tus nqi kom zoo dua ntawm Tuam Tshoj hosiery tuam txhab yuav poob, thiab kev xa tawm yog qhov nyuaj rau rov qab los rau lub sijhawm luv.

 

Tuam Tshoj muaj cov pej xeem coob, cov thom khwm paj rwb noj yog loj, ntxiv rau xyoo kaum xyoo dhau los, nrog kev txhim kho sai ntawm kev lag luam hauv tsev, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm ib tus neeg thiab cov qauv kev noj qab haus huv txuas ntxiv txhim kho, cov neeg siv khoom siv zog ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv tsev tau txhim kho. Raws li Tuam Tshoj Kev Txheeb Xyuas Xyoo Xyoo, qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog yog 10.56 feem pua ​​​​ntawm xyoo 2000 txog 2012. Hauv xyoo 2012, kev siv nyiaj ib nrab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog yog 1,823.39 yuan, uas suav txog 10.94 feem pua. qhov per capita noj txhua xyoo ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog. Ntawm qhov tod tes, piv rau txawv teb chaws, qib noj ntawm peb lub teb chaws paj rwb thom khwm khoom yog qis dua. Raws li peb tau kawm, cov neeg Amelikas haus cov thom khwm paj rwb rau ib tus neeg 6 npaug ntawm peb lub tebchaws, Tebchaws Europe 3-4 npaug ntawm peb lub tebchaws. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov thom khwm kev lag luam, nws xav tias nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam qib thiab tsim cov cwj pwm noj, lub voj voog noj ntawm cov thom khwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws yuav luv luv, kev noj yuav nce ntxiv ntawm tib yam. lub sijhawm, kev lag luam muaj peev xwm loj heev thiab kev lag luam zeem muag yog dav.

Cov qauv sib tw

 

Raws li Porter's tsib Forces qauv, daim ntawv tshaj tawm no txheeb xyuas cov qauv kev sib tw ntawm kev lag luam thom khwm los ntawm tsib yam: kev sib tw ntawm cov neeg sib tw uas twb muaj lawm, kev muaj peev xwm nkag tau ntawm cov neeg sib tw muaj peev xwm, kev muaj peev xwm hloov pauv, kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov neeg muag khoom thiab lub hwj chim ntawm kev sib tham. cov neeg siv hauv qab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, los ntawm kev tshawb xyuas ntawm cov neeg sib tw uas twb muaj lawm hauv kev lag luam thom khwm, kev lag luam sib koom ua lag luam ntawm cov lag luam hauv kev lag luam thom khwm tau muab, txhawm rau txiav txim siab kev lag luam ntawm cov thom khwm kev lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tuam txhab lag luam tseem ceeb tau muab faib ua pawg sib tw raws li kev sib koom ua lag luam thiab kev lag luam cuam tshuam, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua pawg kev sib tw tau txheeb xyuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov lag luam tseem ceeb 'cov tswv yim sib txawv, kev nqis peev dynamics thiab cov neeg tuaj tshiab 's peev kub, kev lag luam nkag lub tswv yim, los txiav txim rau yav tom ntej kev sib tw qauv ntawm cov thom khwm kev lag luam tiam sis.

 

Benchmarking enterprise

 

Kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev lag luam benchmarking yeej ib txwm yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshawb fawb daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm Lub Zeem Muag ntawm Tuam Tshoj Economic Research Co., LTD., vim hais tias kev lag luam benchmarking yog sib npaug rau cov qauv kev lag luam tshawb fawb, yog li cov kev loj hlob zoo ntawm qee qhov kev lag luam benchmarking. , rau qhov loj, qhia txog kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no ua tib zoo xaiv 5-10 ntawm cov tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau tus neeg sawv cev kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam thom khwm rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tshawb fawb, suav nrog cov xwm txheej hauv kev lag luam, cov qauv tsim, cov khoom sib xyaw thiab qhov chaw, kev lag luam, qauv kev lag luam, kev muag khoom network, kev ua tau zoo , kev txhim kho tiam sis thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus ntawm txhua lub lag luam. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no tseem tuaj yeem kho tus lej thiab cov qauv ntawm kev ntsuas cov tuam txhab xaiv raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.

 

Kev nqis peev

 

Hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm no, kev tshawb fawb txog kev nqis peev hauv kev lag luam thom khwm tau muab faib ua cov peev txheej dav dav thiab cov peev txheej tshwj xeeb. Cov peev txheej peev feem ntau yog txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov khoom lag luam segmented, kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam, cov saw hlau, thiab lwm yam, thaum lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb cov peev txheej tshwj xeeb yog tshawb xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas rau cov haujlwm hauv kev tsim kho thiab nrhiav kev koom tes hauv kev lag luam thom khwm.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm hnab looj tes latex thiab hnab looj tes Ding Qing

A

(1) Cov khoom sib txawv. Cov hnab looj tes latex yog ua los ntawm ntuj latex, thiab cov hnab looj tes nitrile yog ua los ntawm cov roj hmab nitrile.

 

(2) Lub sijhawm yug sib txawv. Nitrile hnab looj tes tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1991, ib puas xyoo tom qab ntuj latex hnab looj tes.

 

(3) Cov yam ntxwv sib txawv.

 

Cov hnab looj tes ntuj latex muaj hnav tsis kam thiab puncture kuj. Acid thiab alkali tsis kam, roj, roj thiab ntau yam kuab tshuaj; Muaj ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv, roj - pov thawj cov txiaj ntsig zoo.

 

Cov hnab looj tes Nitrile tsis muaj protein ntau, ua kom tsis txhob muaj protein ntau. Ntxiv mus, nws yog qhov zoo dua li cov hnab looj tes ntuj hauv cov roj ua haujlwm, puncture tsis kam, kua muag tsis kam thiab tshuaj lom neeg nruab nrab.

 

(4) Kev siv sib txawv.

 

Cov hnab looj tes latex yog siv hauv kev kho mob, kev zoo nkauj, precision electronics thiab lwm yam lag luam. Cov hnab looj tes Nitrile tau siv dav hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tu tsheb, kev kho mob, kev lag luam roj av, xim, kev sib cuag roj, kev ua zaub mov, kev zoo nkauj salon, tattoo, kuaj thiab tu thaj chaw.

 

(5) Cov xim sib txawv. Cov hnab looj tes looj hnab looj tes muaj ib qho xim, thaum cov hnab looj tes nitrile latex muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam xim thiab hom, xws li dub, xiav, txiv kab ntxwv thiab indigo.

 

(6) Ntau theem kev nplij siab. Piv nrog rau cov hnab looj tes ntuj, cov hnab looj tes nitrile latex xav tias nyuaj, hnav kev nplij siab tsis zoo, hnab looj tes ua los ntawm ib qho khoom siv hluavtaws, xws li nitrile latex, styrene butadiene latex thiab polyethylene, tsis muaj rhiab heev thiab lub zog ntawm cov hnab looj tes ntuj, yog li nws siv tau txwv. . Tam sim no, cov hnab looj tes phais yas yas tseem yog cov hnab looj tes phais tseem ceeb.

 

Qhov tseeb, ob lub hnab looj tes latex thiab hnab looj tes butadiene yog ib lub tswv yim muaj nyob rau hauv hnab looj tes roj hmab. Ntev npaum li nws tau ua los ntawm cov hnab looj tes roj hmab tuaj yeem hu ua cov hnab looj tes roj hmab, nws suav nrog cov hnab looj tes roj hmab ntuj, hnab looj tes latex, hnab looj tes nitrile thiab lwm yam.

Nitrile hnab looj tes muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua xua tsis haum, degradable, xim tuaj yeem ntxiv, xim ci, thiab cov hnab looj tes nitrile tuaj yeem nco ntsoov txhais tes taw, ntev hnav yuav tsis hnov ​​​​mob; Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov elasticity tsis zoo thiab tus nqi siab dua li cov khoom latex. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias tus nqi siab dua, cov khoom siv ntawm cov hnab looj tes nitrile muaj cov tshuaj zoo dua thiab cov kua qaub thiab alkali tsis kam tshaj li latex. Qhov zoo ntawm cov hnab looj tes latex yog qhov zoo elasticity, degradable, mos zoo nkauj, qhov tsis zoo yog tias lawv muaj cov tshuaj tsis haum, uas yuav ua rau qee tus neeg hnov. Puncture kuj, roj kuj tsis txaus.

 

Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov hnab looj tes nitrile thiab hnab looj tes latex muaj lawv tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov hnab looj tes nitrile lossis latex raws li tus kheej nyiam, tab sis los ntawm tag nrho cov kev nplij siab thiab cov ntsiab lus thev naus laus zis, cov hnab looj tes nitrile zoo dua li hnab looj tes latex, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev kho mob.

Nitrile kuaj hnab looj tes yog hnav rau ob sab laug thiab sab tes xis. Ua los ntawm 100 feem pua ​​​​ nitrile latex, lawv tsis muaj protein ntau thiab tsis txhob ua xua rau cov protein. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog puncture kuj, roj kuj thiab hnyav kuj; Hemp deg kho, zam kev siv cov khoom siv kom plam; Lub zog tensile siab kom tsis txhob hnav cov kua muag; Hmoov - kev kho mob dawb, hnav yooj yim, tiv thaiv kev ua xua ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm hmoov. Nitrile butadiene roj hmab thiab butadiene butadiene roj hmab yog tib yam, qhov tseeb yuav tsum yog nitrile butadiene roj hmab.

Tom qab cov hnab looj tes raug tshem tawm thiab rov siv dua, kev tswj xyuas zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov hnab looj tes rov ua dua thiab ntxuav cov hnab looj tes. Kev ceev faj yog raws li nram no:

 

1. Siv cov hnab ntim huv huv lossis cov thoob yas los ntim cov ntim kom tsis txhob muaj plua plav paug thiab kev puas tsuaj rau extrusion;

 

2. Muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw cua thiab qhuav tom qab sib khi kom tsis txhob tshav ntuj thiab txo qhov daj;

 

3. Npaj pov tseg kom sai li sai tau, xws li xa mus rau kev ntxuav thiab rov ua dua lossis pov tseg.

1. PVC hnab looj tes:

 

Qhov zoo yog pheej yig, latex allergy.

 

Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tsis zoo elasticity, huab cua permeability, yooj yim rau damp hws mob tes, tsis haum tes, kev siv yuav tsis zoo, tsis haum rau hnav mus ntev. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov yas txwv, PVC hnab looj tes tsis yooj yim rau degrade, tsis tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.

2. Cov hnab looj tes yas:

 

Qhov zoo dua yog tias cov khoom siv tseem ceeb los ntawm cov roj hmab ntuj, thiab cov hnab looj tes muaj elasticity zoo thiab haum rau tes.

 

Qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws muaj cov protein latex, uas yooj yim rau kev nkag siab, thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom tsis haum rau cov khoom latex. Cov hnab looj tes latex tsis muaj roj resistant thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv catering, roj av ntsig txog, kev ua zaub mov, thiab lwm yam. Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo li qub, tsis haum rau kev lag luam hluav taws xob.

3. Nitrile hnab looj tes:

 

Qhov zoo: tsis muaj latex protein, tsis muaj latex allergy; Roj kuj, hnyav tsis kam, tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm zoo; Antistatic, tuaj yeem siv hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob.

 

Disadvantages: tsis txaus elasticity, tsis zoo huab cua permeability.

 

* Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev txhim kho nano nitrile hnab looj tes, uas kuj yog cov ntshiab nitrile tab sis tau txhim kho huab cua permeability thiab elasticity, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam ntawm tes thiab muaj kev paub siv zoo dua.

Polyurethane hnab looj tes (waterborne polyurethane hnab looj tes)

 

Ua los ntawm cov khoom siv polymer, nws muaj tsib yam ntxwv zoo:

 

① Siab elasticity. Polyurethane hnab looj tes muaj zog tensile loj, toughness thiab tsis yooj yim rau tawg; Thiab nws bounces rov qab. Nws tsis warp.

 

② Zoo huab cua permeability. Polyurethane hnab looj tes yog breathable, tsis txhob txhav hws, tsis txhob ua mob tes, thiab tsis muaj dej nkag.

 

③ Siab rhiab heev. Cov hnab looj tes polyurethane tuaj yeem kov lub vijtsam ua haujlwm, txheeb xyuas cov ntiv tes xauv, kom cov ntiv tes hloov pauv tau yooj yim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau kev lag luam kho mob, precision ntsuas kev tsim khoom thiab kev saib xyuas.

 

(4) Tsis ua xua. Cov khoom siv raw yog waterborne polyurethane, uas tsis muaj natural latex protein thiab yuav tsis ua xua rau latex. Thiab cov hnab looj tes tsis muaj hmoov, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab, kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig zoo.

 

⑤ Siab barrier. Cov hnab looj tes polyurethane muaj cov qauv molecular tuab uas tuaj yeem thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov kab mob hloov maj mam.

 

 

 

Cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no ntawm cov hnab looj tes muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, raws li kev siv xaiv.

 

Vim muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj latex thiab kev txwv yas, cov qauv tam sim no: hnab looj tes nitrile (xws li hnab looj tes nano nitrile) thiab hnab looj tes polyurethane yuav nrov dua.

 

Cov hnab looj tes polyurethane muaj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, ua raws li cov hnab looj tes nano nitrile.

Txij li thaum muaj tus kab mob tshiab coronavirus tshwm sim, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev kho mob pov tseg tau nyiam dav. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev paub txog kev paub txog cov qauv tsim nyog, daim ntawv no tau txhais cov qauv tseem ceeb hauv lub tebchaws ntawm cov hnab looj tes kho mob pov tseg, thiab ua kom luv luv kev sib piv ntawm cov qauv tsim nyog hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.

 

I. Hom hnab looj tes kho mob pov tseg

 

1. Cov hnab looj tes kho mob pov tseg tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg raws li lub zog ntxeem tau thaum siv:

 

(1) Cov hnab looj tes kuaj mob pov tseg: siv rau hauv kev saib xyuas tus neeg mob rau lub sijhawm luv ntawm kev ua haujlwm aseptic uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam (feem ntau tsawg dua 60 feeb). Vim tias lawv tau npaj rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov hnab looj tes soj ntsuam feem ntau nyias nyias, tsis muaj zog dua li cov hnab looj tes phais, thiab yuav tsum muaj zog tsawg dua ntawm kev tawg thiab elongation dua li hnab looj tes phais;

 

(2) Cov hnab looj tes phais pov tseg: rau kev phais mob. Cov kev cai quab yuam rau kev tawg thiab ncab yog nruj dua li cov kev kuaj xyuas cov hnab looj tes.

 

2. Cov hnab looj tes kho mob pov tseg tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg raws li cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tau ua:

 

(1) Cov hnab looj tes ua los ntawm cov roj hmab latex los yog cov kua roj hmab;

 

(2) hnab looj tes ua los ntawm PVC;

 

Ntawm lawv, roj hmab latex lossis roj hmab cov hnab looj tes kho mob tuaj yeem muab faib ua:

 

Qeb 1: Cov hnab looj tes ua los ntawm ntuj roj hmab latex;

 

Qeb 2: Cov hnab looj tes tsim los ntawm nitrile butadiene roj hmab latex, neoprene roj hmab latex, styrene butadiene roj hmab tov, styrene butadiene roj hmab emulsion los yog thermoplastic elastomer tov.

 

Ii. Kev txhais cov qauv National rau cov hnab looj tes kuaj mob pov tseg

 

Kauj Ruam 1 Xaiv

 

Cov hnab looj tes kho mob pov tseg tau muab faib ua ob pawg: cov hnab looj tes feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov roj hmab roj hmab thiab cov hnab looj tes feem ntau yog ua los ntawm nitrile roj hmab latex, neoprene roj hmab latex, styrene butadiene roj hmab tov, styrene butadiene roj hmab emulsion lossis thermoplastic elastomer tov. Muaj plaub hom nto: pockmarked nto, du nto, hmoov nto thiab tsis muaj hmoov nto.

 

PVC hnab looj tes kho mob rau kev siv pov tseg tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub hom: hnab looj tes ib nrab lossis tag nrho cov hnab looj tes, hnab looj tes du, hnab looj tes nrog hmoov, thiab hnab looj tes tsis muaj hmoov.

 

Ntawm lawv, cov hnab looj tes hmoov yog ntxiv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hnab looj tes, feem ntau yog yooj yim rau hnav. Powderless hnab looj tes Tsis muaj cov khoom siv hmoov ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov hnab looj tes kom yooj yim hnav. Cov hnab looj tes tsis muaj hmoov kuj tuaj yeem txhais tau los ntawm "tsis muaj hmoov", "tsis muaj hmoov", "tsis muaj hmoov", lossis lwm cov lus zoo sib xws.

 

2. Cov ntaub ntawv xav tau

 

GB 10213-2006 qhia tias cov hnab looj tes kho mob rau kev siv ib leeg yuav tsum yog ua los ntawm cov roj hmab latex, nrog nitrile roj hmab latex, nrog styrene butadiene roj hmab los yog cov tshuaj thermoplastic elastomer, los yog nrog styrene butadiene roj hmab emulsion. Rau kev yooj yim ntawm hnab looj tes, roj nplua nyeem, hmoov, lossis polymer txheej ua raws li ISO 10993 Tej zaum yuav raug siv rau kev kho saum npoo. Rau txhua yam khoom siv xim siv los ua tsis muaj tshuaj lom, cov khoom siv los kho saum npoo yuav tsum yooj yim txav thiab bioabsorbable.

 

3. Kev xav tau

 

Ntxiv rau qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum muaj xws li qhov loj me, impermeability, tensivity, thiab lwm yam, yog tias cov hnab looj tes tsis muaj menyuam, hom kev kho kom tsis muaj menyuam yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm thaum xav tau, thiab yuav tsum tau ntim rau ntawm tus kheej lossis hauv ib khub. Lub tsev pob yuav tsum qhia meej cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

 

(1) lub npe lossis cov cim lag luam ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lossis tus neeg muag khoom;

 

(2) Cov khoom siv;

 

(3) "hemp" los yog "dub", "liab" lossis "tsis yog paj yeeb", los yog cov lus uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau cov hnab looj tes tiav;

 

(4) specifications loj;

 

(5) Thaum cov hnab looj tes tau kho nrog cov khoom siv hmoov av, yuav tsum tau ceev faj thiab cov hmoov av yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm aseptically ua ntej siv;

 

(7) Hnub tsim khoom lossis zoo sib xws, xyoo (plaub tus lej) thiab hli;

 

(8) cov lus "Sterilize tshwj tsis yog tias lub pob tau qhib lossis rhuav tshem";

 

(9) lo lus "siv ib leeg";

 

(10) cov lus "kos hnab looj tes";

 

(11) Cov lus "ua los ntawm ntuj roj hmab latex uas yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj" thiab "Cov khoom muaj plasticizers uas tej zaum yuav tsim teeb meem rau tus neeg siv (qhov xwm ntawm cov plasticizers yuav tsum tau qhia tawm)".

 

Cov pob ntawv uas tsis muaj sterilized yuav tsum raug cim nrog cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam li cov pob uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom tshwj tsis yog cov lus "sterilized tshwj tsis yog lub pob qhib lossis rhuav tshem".

 

Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau cim raws li kev ntim khoom ntawm chav tsev, cov hnab looj tes yuav tsum raug cim nrog cov lus qhia khaws cia ntxiv.

 

Iii. Kev txhais lus ntawm National Standards for Disposable Surgical Gloves

 

Kauj Ruam 1 Xaiv

 

Cov hnab looj tes uas tsis muaj roj hmab uas siv tau pov tseg yog muab faib los ntawm chav kawm, tsim thiab daim ntawv nto. Nws muab faib ua ob pawg: hnab looj tes ua los ntawm ntuj roj hmab latex thiab hnab looj tes ua los ntawm nitrile roj hmab latex, neoprene roj hmab latex, styrene butadiene roj hmab tov, styrene butadiene roj hmab emulsion los yog thermoplastic elastomer tov. Muaj ob hom kev tsim: ncaj thiab nkhaus ntiv tes rau ntawm xib teg. Muab faib ua pockmarked nto, du nto, hmoov nto, hmoov nto plaub daim ntawv.

 

Ib leeg-siv tsis-sterilized roj hmab hnab looj tes phais yog cais los ntawm hom, tsim, nto daim ntawv, thiab daim ntawv txuas. Muaj ob hom hnab looj tes ua los ntawm ntuj roj hmab latex thiab hnab looj tes ua los ntawm neoprene roj hmab latex, styrene butadiene roj hmab tov, styrene butadiene roj hmab emulsion los yog thermoplastic elastomer tov. Ncaj hom (R hom), nkhaus hom (C hom) ob hom tsim. Raws li hom nto ntawm cov khoom zaj duab xis, pockmarked nto (T hom), du nto (S hom) ob hom. Raws li cov khoom siv hauv qhov chaw adhesion, cov khoom tau muab faib ua hmoov (P hom), hmoov dawb (F hom), txheej (C hom) peb hom.

 

2. Cov ntaub ntawv xav tau

 

3. Kev xav tau

 

Ntxiv rau qhov kev xav tau ntawm tensile zog yuav tsum nruj dua li cov hnab looj tes kuaj mob, lwm yam sib npaug. Lub npe "Cov hnab looj tes phais" thiab cov qauv tsim "ncaj" lossis "khoov" yuav tsum tau muab cim rau ntawm lub hnab ntim khoom raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm cov hnab looj tes. Lwm cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum zoo ib yam li cov uas yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv pob hnab looj tes kuaj mob.

 

Iv. Kev sib piv ntawm cov qauv hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws thiab kev ntsuas cov hnab looj tes kho mob pov tseg

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov roj hmab thiab latex tuaj yeem pom los ntawm nws cov khoom, tab sis qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev siv. Yog li cia siab tias qhov no yuav pab koj nkag siab qhov txawv ntawm latex thiab roj hmab.

 

Qhov txawv ntawm roj hmab thiab latex

 

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm natural latex:

 

Latex los ntawm evaporation pwm molding, nws tus kheej muaj ntau qhov pores, zoo huab cua permeability thiab vim hais tias ntawm qhov pores yog du, yog li mites tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li, thiab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo latex muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog tias nws tawm cov ntxhiab thiab ntau yam yoov tshaj cum. tsis kam nyob ze. Thiab qhov ntawd txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov latex.

 

1. Super siab elasticity

 

2. Orthopedic muaj nuj nqi

 

3, super permeability

 

4, ruaj thiab tsis yooj yim rau deformation

 

5. Anti-mildew thiab antibacterial

 

6, super ntsiag to tsis muaj hluav taws xob zoo li qub thiab hluav taws xob

 

Cov khoom siv roj hmab:

 

1, zoo heev elasticity, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm elongation siab. Nws yog elastic nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab muaj peev xwm tsim loj deformation nyob rau hauv me me sab nraud quab yuam. Nws tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau nws qhov qub qub tom qab tshem tawm cov quab yuam sab nraud. Roj hmab belongs rau tag nrho amorphous polymer, nws cov iav hloov pauv kub (T g) yog qhov tsawg, qhov hnyav molecular feem ntau loj, ntau tshaj li ntau pua txhiab. Cov roj hmab ntuj tuaj yeem ncav cuag 800 feem pua ​​​​ntawm thawj qhov ntev thiab txuas ntxiv; Nrog rau qhov me me elastic modulus, qhov kev ntxhov siab tsim tawm ntawm 100 feem pua ​​​​ntawm kev txuas ntxiv tsuas yog ntau pua Newtons ib square centimeter; Nws tuav ib qho me me mus tas li deformation tom qab tawg, uas yog, cov nyiaj tsub zuj zuj uas tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau tom qab rov qab quab yuam kuj tsawg heev. Roj hmab tuaj yeem tsuas yog crosslinked los ua cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig siab elastic, feem ntau hu ua roj hmab.

 

2, zoo hnav tsis kam, siab sib txhuam coefficient thiab acid thiab alkali corrosion kuj, qee yam xws li nitrile roj hmab, fluorine roj hmab thiab lwm yam roj kuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, roj hmab kuj muaj hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, kev co thiab cua nruj zog. Disadvantages yog tsis zoo thermal conductivity, tshav kub tsis kam thiab tsis yooj yim rau machining.

 

Qhov txawv ntawm latex thiab roj hmab

 

Roj hmab yog cov khoom siv raw khoom ntawm kev lag luam roj hmab, dav siv hauv kev tsim cov log tsheb, hose, daim kab xev, cables thiab lwm yam khoom siv roj hmab. Nws yog ib yam khoom tseem ceeb xws li hlau, tshuaj fiber ntau thiab yas.

 

Cov khoom siv latex feem ntau: hauv ncoo, txaj txaj, hnab looj tes, pacifiers, hose thiab lwm yam.

 

Cov khoom siv roj hmab: cov log tsheb, ntaus pob, rooj ntaus pob tesniv, thiab lwm yam.

3Q: Cov roj hmab tuaj qhov twg?

A: 

Thaib teb muaj ntau tshaj 700 xyoo keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai, yav tas los hu ua Siam.

 

Sukhothai Dynasty tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1238 AD thiab pib tsim ib lub teb chaws sib koom ua ke. Nws tau dhau los ntawm Sukhothai Dynasty, Tai Shing Dynasty, Thunburi Dynasty thiab Bangkok Dynasty.

 

Sukhothai, nyob rau sab qaum teb Thaib, yog lub nroog ntawm Thaib teb thawj zaug ywj pheej dynasty, Sukhothai Dynasty (1238 txog 1356 AD). Sukhothai txhais tias " kaj ntug ntawm kev zoo siab" hauv Thaib. Nws yog thawj lub nroog nyob rau hauv Angkor Dynasty hauv Cambodia. Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg Thaib hauv zos tau tawm tsam, txeeb lub nroog thiab thaj av, thiab nrhiav tau Thaib thawj dynasty ntawm no. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, Thaib teb thaum lub sij hawm Sukhothai Dynasty tau vam meej thiab nws thaj chaw deb tshaj li thaj chaw tam sim no. Tshwj xeeb, thawj zaug sau ntawv Thaib thiab qhov ntxov tshaj plaws Songkalot porcelain kev lag luam hauv Siam thaum lub sijhawm huab tais huab tais LAN Kham tau qhib lub sijhawm tshiab hauv keeb kwm Thaib. [5] Thaum kawg ntawm Southern Song Dynasty, tus thawj tswj hwm Chen Yizhong cov tub rog tau swb thiab tawm hauv Zhancheng. Tom qab ntawd nws khiav tawm ntawm Siam thiab tuag hauv Siam.

 

Lub nroog loj

 

Yuan Dynasty tau muaj zog thiab tsim tawm sab nraud. Cov tebchaws Esxias yav Qab Teb tau them se rau Yuan Tsev Hais Plaub ib zaug, thiab Thaib teb tsis muaj kev zam.

 

Xyoo 1350, Vaj Ntxwv Uthong tau tsim nws lub peev hauv Tai Cheng Fu, tshaj tawm tias muaj kev ywj pheej los ntawm Sukhothai lub Nceeg Vaj, tsim lub Nceeg Vaj Ayutthaya, tsis ntev los no tau koom nrog Sukhothai Kingdom, tau muab lub npe King of Siam los ntawm Ming Tuam Tshoj. Xyoo 1767, cov tub rog Burmese txeeb tau lub nroog Loj thiab lub nceeg vaj ntawm Ayutthaya poob. [6] Lub Sij Hawm Lub Nroog Loj yog 417 xyoo, thiab muaj 33 huab tais.

 

Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm Yongle ntawm Ming Dynasty, Emperor Cheng muab kub thiab nyiaj ntsaws ruaj ruaj rau tus huab tais ntawm Siam, uas kuj tau xa ib tug envoy los ua tsaug rau nws.

 

Thaum Zheng Hes mus rau sab qab teb, muaj neeg Siam coob heev. Nyob rau thaum ntxov Ming Dynasty, Tuam Tshoj txoj haujlwm txawv teb chaws tau nquag heev. Txhawm rau txhawb nqa lub tebchaws muaj koob meej, Emperor Chengzu xa Zheng He coj nws lub nkoj mus rau sab qab teb rau xya zaug, coj txoj kev sab hnub poob. Siam nyob ntawm txoj kev hiav txwv ntawm Nyab Laj mus rau Malaysia. Lub sijhawm ntawd, twb muaj cov neeg ua lag luam Suav nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia. Ma Huan, uas nrog Zheng He mus rau sab qab teb, sau ib phau ntawv hu ua Yingya Siam Shenglan, uas nws piav txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm Siam: "Lub xeev yog ib txhiab mais, lub roob sab nrauv yog rugged, thiab sab hauv yog ntub dej. Kev ua liaj ua teb tsawg dua, huab cua tsis zoo, lossis txias lossis kub, lub tsev huab tais yog qhov zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj heev, cov tsev ntawm tib neeg tau ua zoo li lub tsev tsis muaj cov laug cam, tab sis lawv tau muab faib ua cov ntoo zoo li xyoob. Xyoob lev ntawm rattan lev, uas xyoob dag, noj thiab so huab tais hnav ris tsho, nrog ntaub dawb qhwv nyob ib ncig ntawm lub taub hau, tsis muaj khaub ncaws, nyob rau hauv lub txhob lo lo ntxhuav embedded tes phuam, carb nrog brocade Qi siab dua duav. Nws yog ib qho zoo rau ib tug nqa ib lub kaus nrog ib tug kub thiab ua ib tug parahepatis, Wang Chong ntseeg nyob rau hauv Buddhism, muaj ntau cov hauj sam thiab nuns nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. uas ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Kuj nyob rau hauv ib tug nunnery saib, txoj cai yoo mov. Txhua yam nyob hauv tus poj niam txhais tes. Yog vajntxwv thiab nws cov neeg txiav txim siab txog qhov tseem ceeb lossis qhov tseem ceeb, nws yog nyob ntawm nws tus pojniam. "

 

Txij li thaum xyoo pua 16th, nws tau invaded los ntawm Portuguese, Dutch, British thiab Fabkis colonialists.

 

Cov huab tais ntawm Oshicheng tau txais kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Khmer txij thaum pib. Lawv tsis yog cov neeg siab dawb siab zoo, cov huab tais ntawm Sukhothai txiv, tab sis cov huab tais autocratic, txais yuav lub npe ntawm Vajtswv- vaj. Thaum pib ntawm lub sijhawm no, Otsuhiro txoj cai tau nthuav dav mus rau cov neeg nyob sib ze ntawm Duchy ntawm Tai thiab sib cav nrog nws cov neeg nyob ze. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, Siam pib tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog cov teb chaws Western.

 

Nyob rau hauv 1767, lub Burmese ntxeem tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv txeeb lub Great City. Txawm hais tias lawv yeej, Burmese txoj cai ntawm Siam tsis kav ntev. Cov tub ntxhais hluas General Cheng Shin thiab nws cov neeg koom nrog tau tsoo los ntawm Burmese siege thiab khiav mus rau Tsim Chu Mun. Xya lub hlis tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub nroog, nws thiab nws cov tub rog caij nkoj rov qab mus rau lub nroog, tshem tawm cov Burmese garrison thiab rov qab lub nroog.

 

Thunburi lub sijhawm

 

Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Ayutthaya, Zheng Xin rov tsim lub nceeg vaj thiab tsiv lub nroog sab qab teb mus rau Thunburi. [6] General Zheng Xin tau txiav txim siab tsiv lub nroog los ntawm Lub Nroog Loj mus rau qhov chaw ze rau ntawm hiav txwv, uas yuav pab txhawb kev lag luam txawv teb chaws, ua kom muaj riam phom, thiab pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv thiab thim rov qab thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam rov qab los ntawm Burmese. Nws tsim nws lub peev tshiab ntawm Thunburi nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm tus dej Chao Phraya. Zheng Xin txoj kev kav tsis yog kev caij nkoj. Qhov tsis muaj kev tswj hwm hauv nruab nrab tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Lub Nroog Loj tau ua rau muaj kev tawg sai sai ntawm cov dynasty thiab qhov kawg ntawm Zheng Xin txoj cai los koom ua ke hauv lub xeev.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Zheng Shin, General Chakuri tau los ua thawj tus huab tais ntawm Chakuri dynasty, Rama I, uas kav los ntawm 1782 txog 1809. Ib qho ntawm nws thawj zaug ua rau lub zwm txwv yog txav lub vaj ntxwv ntawm Thunburi mus rau Bangkok, hla tus dej. , thiab tsim lub Grand Palace. Rama II ({2}}) txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm. Vaj Ntxwv Rama III (1824-1851) rov tsim kev sib cuag nrog sab hnub poob thiab tsim kev lag luam nrog Tuam Tshoj. Vaj Ntxwv Rama IV (1851-1868) nyob rau hauv "Tus Vaj Ntxwv thiab kuv" forged treaties nrog European lub teb chaws kom tsis txhob muaj colonization thiab tsim kom muaj niaj hnub Thaib teb. Thaum nws kav, ntau yam kev hloov kho kev noj qab haus huv thiab nyiaj txiag tau ua tiav.

 

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, tus huab tais thib tsib ntawm Bangkok Dynasty tau nqus ntau cov kev paub hauv Western los ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog. Xyoo 1896, Tebchaws Aas Kiv thiab Fab Kis tau mus txog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab, uas ua rau Siam tsuas yog lub tebchaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia uas tsis muaj kev ywj pheej.

 

Vaj Ntxwv Rama V Chulalongkorn (1869-1910) tau ua tiav nws txiv hauv kev hloov kho, tshem tawm kev ua cev qhev thiab txhim kho pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tswj hwm. Vajntxwv Rama VI (1910-1925) tau qhia txog kev kawm yuam kev thiab lwm yam kev hloov kho kev kawm. Thaum huab tais Rama VII (1925-1935), Thaib tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev ua vajntxwv kav tsis muaj vajntxwv kav tebchaws.

 

Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1932, Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev tau tawm tsam thiab tsim kom muaj kev ywj pheej ywj pheej. Luang Phiboon tau los ua nom kav xyoo 1938. Tus Vaj Ntxwv Thaib tau ua txhaum rau xyoo 1933 thiab tau ua tiav raws li Rama VIII (1935-1946) los ntawm nws tus xeeb ntxwv King Ananta Mahidun. Lub Rau Hli 1939, nws tau hloov nws lub npe los ntawm Siam mus rau Thaib teb, uas txhais tau hais tias "Lub Tebchaws Dawb". Txoj kev tswj hwm kev ywj pheej tau pib thaum xyoo 1939. Rama VIII raug tua nyob rau hauv lub palace thaum Lub Rau Hli 9, 1946, thiab Bhumibol, uas muaj hnub nyoog 19 xyoo, ua tiav nws tus tij laug rau lub zwm txwv li Rama IX.

 

Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 7, 1941, Nyiv pib ua tsov rog Pacific, thiab Nyiv thiab Siam tau kos npe rau Nyiv-Thailand Offensive and Defensive Alliance Treaty. Lub Ib Hlis 25, 1942, Thaib tau tshaj tawm ua tsov rog rau Tebchaws Askiv thiab Tebchaws Meskas. Nyiv tau muab ib feem ntawm Burma thiab sab qaum teb Malaya mus rau Siam. Nyiv tau tso siab rau lub Yim Hli 15, 1945, thiab Siam tau tshaj tawm "Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Tsov Rog Tshaj Tawm los ntawm Siam thaum Lub Ib Hlis 25, 1942 tawm tsam Britain thiab Tebchaws Meskas tsis muaj dab tsi" hnub tom qab, thiab Siam txoj kev tshaj tawm ntawm "null thiab void" tau lees paub los ntawm cov phoojywg. 1949 Nws tau hloov npe rau Thaib teb. Thaib txhais tau tias "lub tebchaws ntawm kev ywj pheej," thiab thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm, Thaib tuaj yeem txaus siab tias yog tib lub tebchaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia tsis tau muaj kev ywj pheej.

 

Tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, Thaib tau los ua tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm Tebchaws Meskas nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia. Thaib kuj yog ib lub tebchaws tseem ceeb nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia; Lub nroog Bangkok yog thaj chaw cosmopolitan nrog qib siab thoob ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, Thaib teb yog ib qho ntawm cov tswv cuab tsim tsa hauv ASEAN thiab tseem tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam hauv South Asia.

Topographically, nws muab faib ua plaub qhov chaw:

 

Cov roob hav zoov nyob rau sab qaum teb, cov nplej loj loj ntawm cov tiaj tiaj hauv nruab nrab, thaj av ib nrab arid ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj toj siab, thiab cov kob kub kub thiab cov ntug hiav txwv ntev ntawm sab qab teb ceg av qab teb. Ciam teb feem ntau yog cov roob qis thiab toj siab. Lub struts yog varied thiab muab faib ua plaub ntu: sab hnub poob, nruab nrab, sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb.

 

Nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj yog Korat Plateau, uas yog qhuav heev nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov thiab av nkos heev thaum lub caij los nag, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cog. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab yog Chao Phina (Chao Phraya River) tiaj. Los ntawm Bangkok mus rau sab qaum teb, thaj av maj mam nce maj mam, Chao Phraya River raws thaj av fertile, yog Thaib teb thaj av loj. Sab qab teb ntawm Bangkok yog thaj chaw mangrove ntawm Gulf of Siam, uas yog submerged ntawm qhov dej siab thiab dhau los ua mangrove swamp thaum dej ntws tsawg. Sab qab teb ntawm Thaib teb yog ib qho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov roob sab hnub poob, uas txuas ntxiv rau sab qab teb ua rau Malay Peninsula, qhov nqaim tshaj plaws uas hu ua Kra Isthmus.

 

Cov pej xeem nyob rau Thaib teb yeej paub hais tias lub teb chaws ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws yog lub taub hau ntawm ib tug ntxhw, nrog rau sab qaum teb raws li "lub kaus mom," sab qaum teb yog "pob ntseg," lub Gulf of Siam li "lub qhov ncauj," thiab sab qab teb. swath li "lub cev."

Mineral peev txheej

Thaib cov peev txheej ntxhia tau muab faib ua peb pawg, xws li roj, hlau thiab tsis yog hlau. Roj av mines yog cov roj, roj, roj thiab roj shale. Cov hlau ore muaj xws li tin, tungsten, antimony, lead, manganese, hlau, zinc, tooj liab, molybdenum, npib tsib xee, chromium, uranium, thorium thiab lwm yam. Cov minerals uas tsis yog xim hlau muaj xws li fluorite, barite, gypsum, pob zeb ntsev, lwm yam ntsev (carnallite), phosphate, siab concentration av, graphite, asbestos, limestone thiab marble. [11]

 

Roj ore

 

Txij li thaum xyoo 1980, Thaib teb tau tshawb pom cov roj av thiab roj hauv Gulf of Thailand thiab hauv av. Cov tsev txhab nyiaj ntiag tug kwv yees Thaib cov peev nyiaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj av ntawm 546.5 billion cubic meters thiab roj (xws li roj condensate) ntawm 164 lab tons. Nyob rau hauv 15 qhov chaw roj av thiab cov roj av uas tau tshawb pom, tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm cov nkev yog 365.95 billion cubic meters thiab tag nrho cov roj reserves (xws li roj condensate) yog 25.59 lab tons. Thaib cov thee feem ntau yog lignite thiab bituminous thee, nrog rau tag nrho cov reserves ntawm ntau tshaj 1.5 billion tons, ntawm uas 860 lab tons ntawm paub tseeb reserves thiab 680 lab tons ntawm tej zaum reserves. Kwv yees li 80 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov chaw siv hluav taws xob nyob hauv Chiang Maiv, Nambang, Tat Phu, Pat Phu thiab Cheng Yi nyob rau sab qaum teb, thaum lwm tus nyob hauv Surat Thani, Dong Ri, Krabi nyob rau sab qab teb thiab Korat thiab Galashin nyob rau sab qaum teb. . [11]

 

Hlau ore

 

Tin yog Thaib cov ntxhia tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nrog 1.5 lab tonnes ntawm reserves, loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

 

Tin mines yog nyob rau yav qab teb xeev ntawm Chunpong, Ranong, Phang Nga, Phuket, Surat Thani, Lokhun, Dong Li, Songkhla, Yala thiab Pattani. Thaib lub tin ore yog tin dioxide ore, feem ntau yog cov dub thiab xim av ore, thaum so yog liab thiab daj ore. Nyob rau hauv tin ore, muaj ilmenite, zircon, monazite, tungsten, niobite thiab lwm yam minerals txuam.

 

Tungsten yog cov khoom ntxhia tseem ceeb thib ob tsuas yog tin, feem ntau faib hauv Chiang Rai, Chiang Maiv, Hmo Ntuj Fung Song, Pat, Da, Nambang, Kanchanaburi thiab yav qab teb Luokun, Bashu, Phuket thiab lwm yam tin ore ua thaj chaw, feem ntau yog scheelite thiab fermanganese tungsten. ore, nrog rau tungstate manganese ore thiab tungstate hlau ore, muab zais rau hauv cov pob zeb tsis zoo thiab granite nyob rau thaj tsam roob sab hnub poob ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb.

 

Antimony muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Nampan, Nampang, Pat, Dasuratthani, Chonburi, Donli, Lokhun, Chamtapuri thiab Kanchanaburi. Lub ntsiab antimony mines yog stibnite thiab antimony. Yuav luag txhua lub xeev muaj hlau ore, nrog pov thawj reserves ntawm 46.73 lab tons, suav nrog hematite, magnetite thiab limonite. Galena reserves yog me me.

 

Zinc ore feem ntau faib hauv Da, Kanchanaburi thiab Li, suav nrog sphalerite, rhombozite, heteropolite thiab liab zinc ore.

 

Cov mines tooj liab feem ntau yog faib hauv Kolat, Cheng Yi, Lai thiab Kong Kai, suav nrog chalcopyrite, azurite, malachite thiab chalcopyrite.

 

Muaj ntau ntau yam manganese ore, feem ntau pyrolusite, nyuaj manganese ore, rhomboxite, rosaceite, dej manganese ore, zais potassium ore thiab xim av manganese ore. Nanben, Narativa, Rayong, Li, Nanbang thiab lwm lub xeev raug faib.

 

Lwm cov hlau deposits yog molybdenum, tungsten, calcium thiab nickel hauv Chamthaburi thiab Paken, chromite, uranium hauv Chengyi, Songkhla, Surat Thani thiab Utaithani, thiab thorium hauv Bashu, Ranong thiab Phuket. [11]

 

Non-metallic ore

 

Thaib teb yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm fluorite nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nrog reserves ntawm txog 11.5 lab tons. Barite reserves ntawm 35.53 lab tons. Gypsum yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Phitji, Nakhon Suvang, Lampang, Kolat, Cheng Yi thiab Surat Thani. Pob zeb ntsev tau muab faib rau hauv cov xeev qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Chai Aipong, Kolat, Maha Salakan, Ubon thiab Ulong, nrog rau thaj tsam ntawm 2.9 billion tons. Potash muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov pob zeb ntsev txheej hauv cov cheeb tsam no, nrog 240 lab tons hauv Caiyapong Xeev ib leeg.

 

Lwm cov minerals uas tsis yog xim hlau nyob rau hauv cov chaw hauv qab no: Ratchaburi, Bashu, Nambang xeev phosphate. Nanbang, Cheng Yi, Ranong thiab lwm lub tsev muaj zen av siab. Chamtapuri, Chiang Maiv, Bashu xeev muaj graphite. Cheng Yi Fu muaj asbestos, talc. Shaaburi, Lokhun, Biburi muaj limestone. Muaj marbles hauv Sukhothai, Seraburi thiab Nakhon Sawan. Ratchaburi, Chiang Maiv, Hmo Ntuj Fong Songfu muaj feldspar, Kanchanaburi, Chonburi muaj dolomite. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj pyrophyllite thiab calcite, thiab lwm yam Gemstones muaj xws li rubies, sapphires, emeralds, topaz spinel, tourmaline, zircon, quartz, jadeite, thiab lwm yam. Cov gemstones nto moo tshaj plaws yog ruby ​​thiab sapphire. Cov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb yog Chamthaburi, Darat, Shishala, Kanchanaburi thiab Phu, suav txog li 70 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov khoom pov thawj hauv lub tebchaws.

kom muaj nuj nqis

Raws li xyoo 2020, Thaib muaj tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm 66.19 lab. [1] Muaj ntau tshaj 30 haiv neeg nyob hauv Suav teb. Cov Tai yog pawg neeg tseem ceeb, suav txog 40 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem, thaum lwm tus yog Yani, Suav, Malay, Khmer, thiab cov haiv neeg roob xws li Miao, Yao, GUI, Wen, Kerun, Shan, Semang. thiab Sagai. Thaib yog hom lus hauv tebchaws. Ntau tshaj 90 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov pej xeem ntseeg hauv Buddhism, nrog rau cov neeg Malays xyaum Islam thiab cov haiv neeg tsawg hauv cov ntseeg, Catholicism, Hinduism thiab Sikhism.

 

haiv neeg

Cov neeg Thaib, faib thoob plaws lub tebchaws, suav txog 75 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Raws li lawv qhov chaw faib thiab hom lus, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua Central Thai, Northeast Thai, Northern Thai thiab Southern Thai. Txawm hais tias Central Thais yog kev nom kev tswv, kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua, lawv tsis suav nrog. Hauv nruab nrab-1960s, cov neeg Thaib hauv nruab nrab muaj li 32 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov pejxeem thiab cov neeg Thaib sab hnub tuaj muaj li 30 feem pua. Los ntawm nruab nrab -1990s, cov pej xeem Thaib hauv nruab nrab tau poob rau 28 feem pua ​​​​, thaum cov pej xeem Thaib sab qaum teb tseem nyob ib puag ncig 30 feem pua.

Suav, muaj li ntawm 9 lab Suav nyob rau Thaib teb, suav txog 14 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws, yog pawg neeg loj tshaj plaws tom qab Thaib. Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw loj ntawm Suav mus rau Thaib teb tau tshwm sim los ntawm ib nrab xyoo pua 19th mus rau 1930s. Keeb kwm, txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Suav yog ua tus neeg nruab nrab, thiab lawv tau pom nyob rau hauv cov nroog thiab cov zos thoob plaws Thaib teb. Niaj hnub no, cov chaw nyob hauv Suav tseem ceeb yog nyob hauv Bangkok thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm ceg av qab teb. Qhov degree ntawm assimilation ntawm Suav yog siab heev, thiab txij li thaum feem ntau Suav thiab sib xyaw Huatai uas tsiv mus rau Thaib teb ua ntej xyoo pua 20th tau koom ua ke rau hauv zej zog hauv zos, lawv tsis suav nrog cov neeg Suav.

Muaj kwv yees li 2 lab Malays hauv Thaib teb, 1 lab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv plaub lub xeev yav qab teb ntawm Pattani, Yala, Taokong thiab Satun (kwv yees li 70 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zos). Cov neeg Malays hauv Thaib teb ntseeg hauv Islam thiab ua raws li Islamic kev cai thiab kev coj noj coj ua hauv lawv lub neej txhua hnub. Tshwj xeeb, Malays hauv Pattani, Yala thiab Tao Gong xeev, feem ntau tsis hais lus Thaib, tuav lawv cov kab lis kev cai Malay.

Cov neeg Qhab Meem, cov neeg Khmer nyob Thaib teb tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg: cov neeg nyob hauv ancient sij hawm thiab cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws tsis ntev los no. Nws muaj nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb ntawm Thaib teb ciam teb nrog Nplog thiab Cambodia. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, feem ntau ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm Khmer lub nceeg vaj yog nyob rau hauv lub dynasty ntawm Ayutthaya, thiab ntau tus Khmers tseem nyob ntawd tom qab nws tau muab los ntawm Thaib teb. Lawv kuj muaj ntau yam sib xyaw ua ke thiab feem ntau hais lus Thaib lossis muaj nws ua lawv thawj hom lus. Lawv txoj kev ntseeg yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov neeg Thaib. Ntau pua txhiab tus neeg Khmer hla ciam teb mus rau Thaib teb thaum xyoo 1970 los ntawm Cambodia txoj kev ua tsov rog loj heev. Cov neeg tsiv teb tshiab tau khaws lawv cov lus thiab kab lis kev cai. Raws li kev txheeb cais, tus lej ntawm Khmers hauv Thaib teb xyoo 1980 yog kwv yees li 600,000-800,000.

Nws belongs rau pej xeem txoj cai lij choj thiab siv txoj cai lij choj raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub tsev hais plaub txiav txim. Cov kev txiav txim plaub ntug muaj cov tsev hais plaub kev cai lij choj, cov tsev hais plaub txiav txim, cov tsev hais plaub tswj hwm thiab cov tsev hais plaub tub rog:

 

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Kev Cai Lij Choj yog kom txiav txim siab zaum kawg los ntawm feem ntau yooj yim nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov neeg tsim cai lij choj lossis tus thawj tswj hwm tawm tsam cov kev cai lij choj ntawm cov nqi uas twb tau tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees, thiab cov nom tswv xav tias yuav zais cov khoom muaj nqis. Nws muaj tus thawj tswj hwm thiab kaum plaub tus kws txiav txim plaub raug xaiv los ntawm Chancellor thiab pom zoo los ntawm Vaj Ntxwv rau lub sijhawm cuaj xyoos.

 

Cov tsev hais plaub tswj hwm feem ntau hnov ​​​​cov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb nrog rau lub xeev cov khoom nruab nrog, cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv xeev thiab tsoomfwv hauv nroog lossis ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov lag luam ntiag tug. Lub tsev hais plaub kev tswj hwm tau muab faib ua ob theem, Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij tau muab faib ua ob theem, Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij tau muab faib ua ob theem, Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Supreme Administration thiab thawj lub tsev hais plaub thawj tswj hwm tau muab faib ua ob theem. Kev xaiv tsa tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij yog raug tso cai los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees Kev Ncaj Ncees thiab Tsev Hais Plaub, thiab raug xaiv los ntawm Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws rau kev pom zoo ntawm Vajntxwv.

 

Cov tsev hais plaub tub rog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tub rog ua txhaum cai thiab lwm yam xwm txheej tau muab los ntawm txoj cai.

 

Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Txiav Txim Siab feem ntau hnov ​​​​txhua qhov xwm txheej uas tsis koom nrog Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Kev Cai Lij Choj, Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Kev Tswj Xyuas thiab lub tsev hais plaub tub rog. Nws tau muab faib ua peb theem: Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab, Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Txiav Txim Siab thiab Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Qib Siab. Nws kuj muaj lub chaw ua txhaum cai tshwj xeeb rau cov nom tswv. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj Pawg Neeg Txiav Txim Siab uas tsim los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab thiab 12 tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg txiav txim los ntawm peb theem ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev teem caij thiab tshem tawm cov kws txiav txim plaub ntawm txhua theem, nce qib, nce nyiaj hli thiab rau txim. Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Kev Ncaj Ncees muaj ib lub chaw tuav ntaub ntawv uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj hwm txhua hnub.

 

Ib tug 26-xyoo-laus raug txim tua neeg nyob rau Thaib teb rau xyoo dhau los raug tua los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tuag rau lub Rau Hli 18, 2018, raws li lub tebchaws tswj hwm hauv tsev loj cuj. Nws yog thawj qhov kev tua neeg hauv Thaib teb txij li xyoo 2009. Lub tsev kaw neeg hauv tebchaws Thaib tau hais hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm tias kev tua yog tsim los txwv cov neeg xav ua txhaum loj lossis ua txhaum txoj cai. Tus neeg raug kaw, uas raug tua nyob rau hnub ntawd, tua nws tus neeg raug tsim txom 24 zaug tom qab nyiag nws lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab hnab nyiaj. Txij li xyoo 1935, 325 tus neeg raug kaw raug tua nyob rau Thaib teb, feem ntau yog tua tub rog. Thaib tau tso tseg kev tua pab tub rog thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2003, thiab thaum ntawd mus txog xyoo 2009, muaj rau tus neeg raug tua los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tuag. Thaum kawg ntawm 2017, muaj 510 tus neeg tuag nyob hauv Thaib teb. [12]

 

Txoj Cai Zaj sawv: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 25, 2018, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Thaib tau pom zoo ua ntej rau Txoj Cai Lij Choj-poj niam txiv neej txoj cai, uas yuav raug xa mus rau National Legislature rau kev tshuaj xyuas zaum kawg. Tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas, nws yuav siv sijhawm 120 hnub ua ntej qhov kev cai lij choj.

tsoom fwv

Thaum Lub Xya Hli 10, 2019, Tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Thaib tau muab nws txoj kev pom zoo rau cov npe tshiab hauv pawg thawj coj, thiab txhua tus tswvcuab tau cog lus rau lub Xya Hli 16. Lub Yim Hli 2020, Prayuth tau hloov nws lub txee. Pawg nom tswv tam sim no suav nrog GEN.PRAYUT CHAN-O-CHA, tus thawj tswj hwm thiab tus thawj tswj hwm tiv thaiv; GEN.PRAWIT WONGSUWAN, tus lwm thawj nom tswv; MR.WISSANU KREA-NGAM, tus lwm thawj nom tswv; MR.JURIN LAKSANAWISIT, Tus Lwm Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws thiab Minister of Commerce; MR.ANUTIN CHARNVIRAKUL, Tus Lwm Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws thiab Minister of Health; MR.DON PRAMUDWINAI, Tus Lwm Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws thiab Minister of Foreign Affairs; Rau tus lwm thawj nom tswv, suav nrog MR. SUPATTANAPONG PUNMEECHAOW, Tus Lwm Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws thiab Minister of Energy, nrog rau cov thawj coj thiab lwm tus thawj coj ntawm kev ua haujlwm txawv tebchaws, nyiaj txiag thiab thauj, muaj tag nrho 36. [1]

 

tog nom tswv

Raws li lub Peb Hlis 2011, 49 pawg nom tswv tau sau npe nrog Pawg Neeg Xaiv Tsa. Cov nom tswv tseem ceeb yog:

 

Pheu Thai Party: Founded on 20 September 2007. Party leader Zhalupong Rongsuwang, CPC Central Committee Standing Committee and General Secretary Hu Yunhui, Secretary-General Putan Weichai Yachai, Standing Committee 31 tug. Nws muaj 262 tus neeg tsim cai lij choj hauv National Assembly kawg. Nws muaj tsib ceg thoob teb chaws nrog 23,778 tus tswv cuab.

Democratic Party of Thailand: f. 6 Lub Plaub Hlis 1946. Party tus thawj coj Abhisit Vejjajiva, Secretary General Charunchai Theo, 19 tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj. Nws muaj 160 tus neeg tsim cai lij choj hauv National Assembly kawg. Nws muaj 176 ceg thoob teb chaws nrog 2.873 lab tus tswv cuab.

Proud Thai Party: Founded on 5 November 2008. Party leader Pippa Povolapon, Secretary General Pontewa Nakasse (poj niam), 12 executive committee member. Nws muaj 34 tus neeg tsim cai lij choj hauv National Assembly kawg. Nws muaj tsib ceg thoob teb chaws nrog 36,370 tus tswv cuab.

Thai Development Party: Founded on 18 April 2008. Party leader Tira Onsam, Secretary General Panthep Surisatin, 11 member of the executive board. Nws muaj 19 tus neeg tsim cai lij choj hauv National Assembly kawg. Nws muaj rau lub chaw haujlwm thoob tebchaws nrog 14,957 tus tswvcuab tog.

Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Txhim Kho Hauv Tebchaws: Founded rau Lub Kaum Hli 3, 2007. Party tus thawj coj Vanal Sanujun, tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Bapa Limpa Pan. Nws muaj xya tus neeg tsim cai lij choj hauv National Assembly kawg. Nws muaj 8 ceg thoob teb chaws nrog 9,416 tus tswv cuab.

Chunfu Power Party: Founded on May 4, 2011. Party leader Cao Manion, secretary General Birandiru Jidatan. Nws muaj xya tus neeg tsim cai lij choj hauv National Assembly kawg.

Motherland Party: Founded on November 3, 2008. Party leader Sonthi Boonyaratglin, Secretary general Man Patanothai, 15 executive committee member. Nws muaj ob tus neeg tsim cai lij choj hauv National Assembly kawg. Nws muaj tsib ceg thoob teb chaws nrog 7,760 tus tswv cuab.

Nrov Party: Founded Lub Ob Hlis 10, 1998. Party tus thawj coj Abil Sirinawin, tus tuav ntaub ntawv General Paisan Munn. Nws muaj ib tus neeg tsim cai lij choj hauv National Assembly kawg. Nws cov tswv cuab yog 1.1 lab.

New Democracy Party: Founded on 21 April 2011. Party leader Suratin Pyzan, secretary General Whammon Sammano. Muaj 9 tus tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj. Nws muaj ib tus neeg tsim cai lij choj hauv National Assembly kawg.